Age of Inflation

How to hedge inflation perfectly? This concerns most of Hong Kong investors nowadays. However, let's think out of the box. Do investors really need this perfect hedge? To hedge or not to hedge. That's the most fundamental question.

YT Kum, CFA 08 September, 2011 | 0:00
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While the sky-high inflation is on everyone’s lip, we have been asked about how to hedge inflation perfectly with funds for roughly a thousand times. Sadly, there is no such thing as a perfect hedge for Hong Kong investors.

The Perfect One isn’t Perfect

If we have a perfect hedge against inflation, that means the purchasing power of our wealth would remain intact no matter how high the inflation is. In Hong Kong i-bond issued by the HKSAR government sounds like a typical perfect hedge against inflation since it pays semi-annual coupons according to the CPI over the past six months before the payout dates. Having said that, investors would find it hard to invest large chunks of their assets in this risk-free vehicle given the small size of issuance so far. Also, sadly, fees erode its attractiveness. Indeed, we are pleased to see that i-Bond market would become as large as TIPS (Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities), but this day won’t come anytime soon.

EUR Inflation-Linked Bond category is an unloved category in our long list of Morningstar categories, and its name suggests that funds within this category are born to hedge inflation perfectly. Unfortunately, they are not, at least to Hong Kong investors. Funds in this category are simply aggregates of inflation-linked bonds but most of them are linked to the CPI in European countries instead of Hong Kong. This slight difference destroy the perfectness of the inflation hedging power since consumer price in Eurozone rose 2.7% yoy in June while the one in Hong Kong climbed to 5.6% yoy in the same timeframe. Simply put, investors in Hong Kong need more protection against inflation than anyone else in the Eurozone.  

 

The Myth of the Yellow Metal

As the price has risen along with the inflationary trend over the past several years, gold sounds like a final hope for investors. The latest launches of two gold ETFs – SPDR Gold Trust (2840.HK) and Value Gold ETF (3081.HK) – also add appeals to the yellow metal since this “final hope” has become more accessible to general investors than ever.

Indeed, gold offers plenty of reasons for investors to invest. For example, gold has been regarded as the best capital protection vehicle despite all the pandemonium, especially when the greenback has lost its shine after two desperate rounds of quantitative easing. Emerging market central banks (South Korea and Thailand have recently joined the choir) are buying gold and this represents a paradigm shift that central banks are no long net sellers of gold. Some may argue that falling USD is a key reason why we have sky-high inflation and they aren’t two independent variables in the gold price equation, but, apparently, gold is obviously more than an inflation hedge.

Interestingly, when equities and almost commodities fall during wartime, gold is always a beneficiary of anxiety. For instance, when George W. Bush, a hawkish republican, waged war in Afghanistan and Iraq after the 9/11 attack, gold price was remarkably resilient. This war premium is too significant that investors should never neglect. 

I am not saying that investors should get away from gold, but investors should think outside inflation when making investment decisions.        

Far Water and Near Fire

Many investors also believe that real estate can act as a hedge against inflation. It is very true that housing price has moved up as fast or faster than inflation over the long run, but actually they do not always move hand by hand. For example, while the consumer price index in US rose 3.56% yoy as of June this year, housing price still fell 4.3% in the same timeframe according the Federal Housing Finance Agency index. Simply put, buying a house to hedge against inflation is similar to using far water to put off near fire.

The conclusion sounds discouraging – there is no such thing as a perfect hedge. However, do investors really need one? Actually, CPI is one of the most notorious indicators to be forecasted, and thus reshuffling the portfolio for hedging may lead to ill-timed moves. When setting strategy asset allocation, investors should always look at real return instead of nominal return. In the fund universe, investors should have no difficulties to find plenty of vehicles that are able to surpass inflation over the long run. In other words, setting the long-term strategy asst allocation right is the perfect way to live against inflation.

 

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About Author

YT Kum, CFA  YT Kum is a consultant for Morningstar, contributing to manager selection and asset allocation activities in Asia, and is responsible for providing investment thought leadership on topics relevent to investors in Asia.

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